一、定义
否定句和肯定句共同构成陈述句，否定句表示用否定的态度、情感陈述自己的观点、看法等。
二、分类+具体剖析
1.常见否定
(1)借助否定词：not, no, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere, none, neither, never等
①Not me. 不是我。
②Nothing is here. 这里什么都没有。
③Tom never goes fishing. Tom从未钓过鱼。
(2)借助半否定词: seldom, hardly, few, little, scarcely, rarely等
①Tom hardly eats apples. Tom几乎不吃苹果。
②Tom has little money. Tom没啥钱。
③Tom has few apples. Tom没啥苹果。
(3)助动词、情态动词、be动词后加not
①Tom doesn't like apples. Tom不喜欢苹果。
②Tom can't swim. Tom不会游泳。
③Tom isn't a doctor. Tom不是医生。
2.部分否定与全部否定
(1)常见部分否定: all...not...=not all..., both...not...=not both..., every...not...=not every...,翻译为“并非......都......”
①Not all of them are bad people. 他们并非所有人都是坏人。
(2)常见全部否定: no/none/no-, neither
①Neither of them is my friends. 他们两个都不是我的朋友。
②None of them is my friends. 他们所有人都不是我的朋友。
③No one is my friend.=Nobody is my friend. 没人是我的朋友。
(3)并列否定(常考并列否定用or连接，若并列成分前都有否定词会用and)
①Tom has no apples or bananas. Tom没有苹果和香蕉。
②Tom has no apples and no bananas. Tom没有苹果也没有香蕉。
3.特殊否定
(1)特殊形式表否定
①介词/介词短语构成否定(常见介词有without/from/off/of/out of/against等)
A.Linda left without say anything. Linda一言不发走了。
B.Linda often takes an umbrella to protect herself from the sun. Linda经常带伞，保护自己免受太阳晒。
C.Keep off the bad friends and you will go better. 远离坏朋友，你会走得更好。
②词意否定
A.too...to...太......而不能......:Linda is too young to go to school. Linda太年轻而不能去上学。
B.be blind to...对......视而不见:Linda is blind to Tom. Linda对Tom视而不见。
③反义词缀构成否定
A.否定前缀: un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, dis-等
(a)Tom dislikes apples. Tom不喜欢苹果。
(b)It is impossible. 这是不可能的。
B.否定后缀: -less等
(a)Tom is helpless now. Tom现在很无助。
④语境构成否定
(a)Did I ever give up?= If I ever give up.= I never give up. 我放弃过吗?/我要是放弃过就好了。(我从未放弃过)
(b)Who would do that? = Nobody would do that. 谁会这样做？(没人会这样做)
(2)单重否定表肯定
①I can't agree with you more! 我太赞同你了！
②I can't wait to see you. 我迫不及待想见你。
③I can't help missing you. 我情不自禁想你。
(3)双重否定表肯定
①Tom can't live without Linda. =Tom can live only with Linda. Tom有了Linda就能活下去。
②Nothing is impossible.=Everything is possible.一切皆有可能。
(4)否定转移(通常出现在宾语从句中)
①I don't think you are right.=I think you are wrong. 我认为你是错的。(宾语从句的否定转移到了主句，翻译时要注意翻译成从句的否定)
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