why not和why don't在日常的对话交流中十分常见,两者都可以用来提出建议,除了表示建议以外,why don't还有询问原因、发出邀请、提出要求等其他功能,这是why don't与why not的显著区别。同时在搭配上面,why not 通常直接接动词原形,why don't则一般会接上名词(代词)+动词,明确提出建议、要求等的对象。
下面我们通过不同的语境来感受一下why not和why don't在用法上的区别:
场景1:
A: I have an important meeting today. So, I won’t be able to meet him this evening.
B: Why don’t you check with him whether he is available tomorrow?
场景2:
A: Many eminent persons visit our campus and give guest lectures to our students.
B: Really?
C: Why don’t you come and address our students?
场景3:
A: Your performance in the examinations is not satisfactory.
B: It is because….
A: Why don’t you be quiet and listen to me?
在上面3个场景中,why don’t 的作用分别是提出建议(check with him)、发出邀请(come and address our students)和提出要求(be quiet and listen to me)。Why not更多的时候则是用来提出建议和表示赞同,表示赞同的时候后相当于sure。来看下面的场景:
场景4:
Your nephew hasn’t come home yet. Why not call your brother and inform him of the change of date of the marriage?
场景5:
A: We’ll call him home and discuss the matter with him.
B: Why not?
在场景4中,说话的人用why not提出建议.在场景5中,B用‘why not’ 表示对A的赞同,意思相当于sure!
在对话语境中, ‘why not’ 不用用于提出问题,而 ‘why don’t’ 则可以用来提问:
场景6:
Why not use my phone?
场景7:
A: Why don’t you call him now?
B: Sorry, he is busy attending a meeting.
当一个人说 ‘Why not use my phone?’的时候,说话者提出一个建议,但是并不期待从对话者那边得到一个明确的答复,在情景7中,A用 ‘why don’t’ 向B提出疑问,B也给到了一个确切的回答。