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back to back 不仅只有背对背的意思, 还有其他意思

英语中有很多短语是通过并列连词 and 或 or 连接起来的,如 neck and neck 或 more or less 等,也有一些是通过介词 to 或 by 连接的,如 one by one 或 back to back.

由于连接词不一样,形成的短语的意思和用法也参差不齐或灵活多变,大概的规律是:用 and 连接而成的短语有“强强联合”的感觉,如 neck and neck 意为“势均力敌,不分上下”,尤指在比赛中,例如:

The two boys ran toward the finish line neck and neck.

这两个男孩并肩跑向终点线。

Mary and Ann were neck and neck in the spelling contest.

玛丽和安在拼写比赛中不分上下。

用 or 连接而成的短语有“意犹未尽”的味道,如 give or take 意为“相差不到…”,通常指某个数量,例如:

It’ll take us about two weeks, give or take a day or so.

这要花费我们大约二周时间,出入不过一天左右。

We'll finish the job at 7:00 p.m, give or take a few minutes.

我们将在晚上7点完成这项工作,出入不过几分钟。

而用 by 连接的短语有“循序渐进”的内涵,如 one by one 意为“逐个地”,例如:

The manager went through the plans on the list one by one.

经理把清单上的计划一个接一个地看了一遍。

The teacher required the students to enter the class one by one.

老师要求学生们一个接一个地上课。

那么用介词 to 连接的短语是什么样的表现形式呢?通常用介词 to 连接而成的短语有“前呼后应“的韵味,如 back to back 意为”背对背”,它还可以意为“接二连三地,接连地”等,而且常用作它的形容词形式 back-to-back,意为“背对背的,接二连三的”等,例如:

The office was full of computers, and we had to sit back to back in long rows.

办公室里堆满了电脑,我们不得不背靠背地坐成一长排。

In the first and second rows of the bus, the seats were back-to-back, an unusual arrangement.

在公共汽车的第一排和第二排,座位是背靠背的,这是一种不同寻常的安排。

The team secured back-to-back victories this afternoon, thanks to their fantastic goalkeeper.

多亏了他们出色的守门员,这支球队今天下午取得了背靠背的胜利。

但是用 and 或 or 等连词与用 by 或 to 等介词连词的短语还是有一定的区别的;用 and 或 or 等连词连接而成的短语通常不用它们的字面意思,如 tooth and nail 或 root and branch 等,而用 by 或 to 等介词连接而成的短语通常有或只有它们的字面意思,如 face to face 或 step by step 等等。

一、tooth and nail,常用于 fight tooth and nail 搭配中,意为“全力以赴地斗争”,例如:

We fought tooth and nail to get the route of the new road changed.

我们竭尽全力想改变这条新路的路线。

二、root and branch,意为“彻底地”,例如:

The laws has been reformed root and branch.

法律已彻底改革。

三、face to face (with sb),意为“面对面”,例如:

The couple has never met face to face before.

这对夫妇以前从未见过面。

四、step by step,意为“逐步地”,例如:

He learned a lot of skills step by step.

他一步一步地学会了很多技能。

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