一、定义
表示某地或某时存在有某人或某物或某事,称之为“存在句”。
二、特点
1.遵循就近原则
①Thereisa penand two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。(此时离谓语部分的be最近的主语是a pen,所以be动词用单数is)
②Therearetwo booksand a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书和一支笔。(此时离谓语部分的be最近的主语是two books,所以be动词用复数are)
2.时态(可与各种时态使用,初高中常考的有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时,高中还会考现在完成时、过去完成时等)
①Therearefive people in my family. 我家有五口人。
②Therewasa tree in front of my house two years ago. 两年前我家门前有棵树。
③Therewill bea football match in our school tomorrow. 明天我们学校将会有一场足球比赛。
④Therehave beenmany trees in our city so far. 到目前为止,我们学校已经有很多树了。
⑤Therehad beenmany trees here before you came. 在你来之前,这里已经有很多树了。
3.与情态动词、助动词连用
①Theremust bea football match in the playground. 操场上一定有一场足球比赛。
②Therecan't bea football match in the playground. 操场上不可能有足球比赛。
③Theremay bea foot ball match in the playground. 操场上可能有一场足球比赛。
4.句型转换
①肯定句(There be +其它)
There is a cat in the house. 房子里有一只猫。
②否定句(There be not +其它→时态标志词后加not, 助动词情态动词后加not)
There isn't a cat in the house. 房子里没有猫。
③一般疑问句+回答(be+there+其它?→there问there答, 不用人称代词)
--Is there a cat in the house? 房子里有猫吗?
--Yes, there is.
--No, there isn't.
④特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
What is there in the house? 房子里有什么?
5.常考固定句型
①There is no doubt/possibility/chance... that+句子,毫无疑问的是....../毫无可能性的是....../毫无机会的是......
There is no doubt that it will rain tomorrow. 毫无疑问的是,明天将会下雨。
②There is no need for sb. to do sth.对某人来说,做某事没必要。
There is no need for Tom to leave Guangzhou. 对Tom来说,离开广州没必要。
③There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no point in loving someone like him. 爱上他这样的人没有意义。
三、特殊点
1.there be 涉及的非谓语
(1)There be变非谓语→常见有there to be(更多是词汇-to do用法搭配使用,比如want/expect/hate/intend to do sth.)和there being(词汇-doing用法搭配使用,或用于插入语作为限制或增加条件)
①Tom wants there to be some delicious food now. Tom现在想要有美味的食物。
②Tom dreams of there being a good job. Tom梦想有一份好工作。
③There being some delicious cakes on the desk, Tom hurried to eat them and felt full. 桌上有些蛋糕,Tom很快吃掉,感觉很饱。
(2)There be+其它+非谓语+其它→常见有非谓语doing和done
①There is a cat looking at you. 有只猫在看着你。(谓语部分是is,非谓语部分为looking,此处是猫主动看你,用-ing形式)
②There is a cat called Kitty. 有只猫叫Kitty。(谓语部分是is,非谓语部分是called,此处是猫被叫做Kitty,被动用动词过去分词-ed)
(3)常见there be中be可替换的词
①There exists a truth in this thing. 这件事存在一个真相。
②There lies a river in front of my house. 我家门前有条河。
③There stands a cat in front of the car. 车前站着一只猫。
2.there be与have/have got的区别(常考)
(1)there be强调“存在有”,have/have got强调“拥有”
①There is a cat in my house. 我家存在有只猫。
②I have/have got a cat. 我拥有一只猫。
(2)注意一般将来时,there be句型为there will be,不能用have(这里指不能用表示“有/举行等实际意思”的have,注意完成时态等里边的时态助动词have/had是可以用在there be句型的,不要一棒子打了哈)
①There willbea basketball match tomorrow.(√)
②There is going tobea basketball match tomorrow.(√)
③There willhavea basketball match tomorrow.(x)
④There is going tohavea basketball match tomorrow.(x)
后记
There be句型最常考的是就近原则、一般将来时的there will be、there be回答,这里涉及的情态动词must be/can't be/may be,在之前的谓语动词文章有情态动词详细介绍,有需要的朋友可以看看~非谓语动词最近会开,届时也可以结合看看~
以上内容为焦糖英语的原创内容,若有所获,欢迎关注焦糖英语~