UNIT 2
1. __________ /'sʌbwei/ n. 地下人行道；<美>地铁
2. __________ /'eliveitə/ n. 电梯；升降机
3. __________ /'petrəl/ n. <英>汽油（=<美>gasoline）
4. __________ /ɡæs/ n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气
5. __________ /ə'fiʃl/ adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
6. __________ /'vɔiidʒ/ n. 航行；航海
7. __________ /'kɔŋkə/ vt. 征服；占领
8. __________ 因为；由于
9. __________ /'neitiv/ adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人
10. __________ 走近；上来；提出
11. __________ /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n. <美>公寓住宅；单元住宅
12. __________ /'æktʃuəli/ adv. 实际上；事实上
AD 公元
13. __________ /beis/ vt. 以…为根据n. 基部；基地；基础
14. __________ 现在；目前
15. __________ /'ɡrædʒuəl/ adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
16. __________ /'grædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
17. __________ /'deiniʃ/ n. 丹麦语；adj. 丹麦的；丹麦语的
18. __________ /in'ritʃ/ vt. 使富裕；充实；改善
19. __________ /və'kæbjuləri/ n. 词汇；词汇量；词表
20. __________ 利用；使用
21. __________ /'speliŋ/ n. 拼写；拼法
22. __________ /'lætə/ adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的
23. __________ /ai'dentəti/ n. 本身；本体；身份
24. __________ /'flu:ənt/ adj. 流利的；流畅的
25. __________ /'flu:əntlɪ/ adv. 流利地；流畅地
26. __________ 例如……；像这种的
27. __________ /'fri:kwənt/ adj. 频繁的；常见的
28. __________ /'fri:kwəntli/ adv. 常常；频繁地
29. __________ /'ju:sidʒ/ n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法
30. __________ /kə'mɑ:nd/ n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握
31. __________ /ri'kwest/ n. & vt. 请求；要求
△ dialect /'daiəlekt/ n. __________
32. __________ /ik'spreʃn/ n. 词语；表示；表达
33. __________ /mid'westən/ adj. 中西部的
34. __________ /'æfrikən/ adj．非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的
35. __________ /'spæniʃ/ adj．西班牙的；n．西班牙人；西班牙语
36. ____________________ 扮演一个角色；参与
37. __________ /'i:stən/ adj. 东方的；东部的
38. __________ /sauθ'i:stən/ adj. 东南方的；来自东南的
39. __________ /nɔ:θ'westən/ adj. 西北方的
40. __________ /'rekəɡnaiz/ vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
41. __________ /'lɔri/ n. <英>卡车（=<美>truck）
42. __________ /'æksənt/ n. 口音；腔调；重音
43. __________ /'laitniŋ/ n. 闪电
44. __________ /streit/ adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的
45. __________ /blɔk/ n. 街区；块；木块；石块
46. __________ /kæb/ n. 出租车
核心词汇
1. __________ adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的__________ 军官
2. __________ n. 航行；航海__________ 长途旅行__________ 短途旅行
3. __________ 因为；由于__________ __________ __________ __________
4. __________ adj. 本国的；本地的 n. 本地人；本国人__________ 国家；民族
5. __________ 走近；上来；提出 __________ 提出__________ 想出，提出
6 __________ adv. 实际上；事实上=__________ __________
7. __________ vt. 以…为根据n. 基部；基地；基础__________ 把…建立在…基础上__________ 以…为背景/基础
8. __________ 现在；目前 __________ 礼物__________ 赠送__________ 出席的__________ 出席n 目前__________
9. __________ adj. 逐渐的；逐步的__________ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
10. __________ vt. 使富裕；充实；改善__________ 扩大__________ 拓宽__________
11. __________ 利用；使用 __________ __________ 充分利用
12. __________ adj. 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的__________ 晚的；晚地__________ 更晚；稍后__________ 近来 __________ 最新的
13. __________ n. 本身；本体；身份 __________ 识别身份
14. __________ adj. 流利的；流畅的. __________ adv. 流利地；流畅地
15. __________ 例如……；像这种的__________ 例如
16. __________ adj. 频繁的；常见的adv. 常常；频繁地
17. __________ n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握=_______________ __________________ 熟悉，掌握
18. __________ n. & vt. 请求；要求__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________要求类动词
19. __________ n. 词语；表示；表达__________________ v 表达 __________________ 给留下深刻印象__________________ 对…印象深刻
20. __________ adj. 中西部的__________________ 南部的
21. ____________________ 扮演一个角色；参与 __________________ 起重要作用 __________________ 有影响
22 __________________ vt. 辨认出；承认；公认__________________ n __________________ 承认
23 __________ /blɔk/ n. 街区；块；木块；石块__________________ 阻隔
短语和句型
1 超过__________ 2 航海 __________ 3 由于__________ 4 走近，提出__________5 即使__________ 6 与...交流 __________
7 以...为基础__________8 与其说...不如说__________ 9 目前 __________ 10 不那么像__________11 利用 __________
12 许多/...的数目 __________ 13 比如 __________14 信不信由你__________ 15 像...这样的...__________
16 为什么...的理由是____________________ 17 被期待讲__________ 18 在...中起重要作用__________ 19 像...一样的__________
THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH
_________ the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people _______ (speak) English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England __________________航海 conquer other parts of the world and _________ 由于 that, English began ________________（speak) in many other countries. Today, more people speak English_________ their first, second or a foreign
Native English _________（speak） can understand language than _________以往任何时候. each other _________即使 they don’t speak _________ kind of English.
I’d like to _________ 走近to your apartment.
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and _________与...交流 each other. At first the English _________（speak) in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very _________(difference) _________ the English _________ （speak) today. It _________ (base) more_________German _________ the English we speak _____present. Then_________ (gradual) between about AD 800 and 1150, English became ______(little) like German because those _________ ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new _________(settle) enriched the English language and _________(special) its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use_____ a ________(wide) vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people _________(take) to Australia too. English began ___________(speak) in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling ___________(happen): first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The _________(late) gave a _________单独的 _________（identify) to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken _______ a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has _______ very large number ________ _______(fluently) English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such ___ South Africa. Today _____________...的数目 people _________(learn) English in China _________ (increase) rapidly. ______fact , China may have the _______ (large) number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
Standard English and Dialects
What is standard English? Is it ________（speak) in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it_____ not, there is no ________ thing ________ standard English. Many people believe the English ________ （speak)on TV and the radio is standard English. This is ________ in the early days of radio, those ________ reported the news ________ (expect) to speak excellent English. However, even on TV and the radio you will hear ______________(different) in the way people speak.
When people use words and expressions different form “standard language”, it is ________ (call) a dialect. American English has many dialects, ________(especial) the midwestern, southern, African American has many dialects. In some parts of the US, two people from ________(neighbour) towns can speaka little ________(difference) . Ameican English has so many dialects because people have come from ________ 遍及the world.
Geography also________________ 起作用making dialects. Some people ________ live in the mountains of the ________(east) US speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved form one place to ________, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the —_________ (southeast) US speak with almost the same dialect ________people in the northwestern US. The US is a large country in________ many different dialects ________（speak). ____________ many Americans move a lot, they still understand each other’s dialects.
